Self-Balancing Robot using Arduino with DC Motors

Project Overview

A two-wheeled robot that maintains its balance using Arduino-controlled DC motors and an IMU sensor

This project demonstrates the principles of control systems and robotics by creating a self-balancing two-wheeled robot. Using an Arduino microcontroller, DC motors, and an IMU sensor, the robot continuously adjusts its position to maintain an upright stance. The system employs a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm to process sensor data and generate appropriate motor responses, resulting in a stable balancing act that can adapt to small disturbances.

Key Features

• Self-Balancing Mechanism
• Arduino-based Control System
• DC Motor Drive
• Gyroscope and Accelerometer Integration
• PID Control Algorithm
• Wireless Control (optional)

Technologies Used

Implementation Details

The robot's frame is designed for 3D printing, ensuring a lightweight yet sturdy structure. An Arduino board serves as the brain, interfacing with an MPU-6050 IMU for orientation data. Two DC motors with encoders provide precise movement control. The PID algorithm is fine-tuned to respond quickly to changes in tilt, adjusting motor speed and direction to maintain balance. Power is supplied by a rechargeable LiPo battery, and motor drivers manage the high current requirements of the DC motors.

Use Cases

• Educational tool for teaching control systems and robotics
• Platform for experimenting with balance algorithms
• Basis for more complex self-balancing vehicles
• Demonstrator for STEM fairs and robotics competitions

Benefits

• Hands-on learning of control theory and practical implementation
• Customizable and expandable platform for further experiments
• Demonstrates complex concepts in an engaging, visual manner
• Develops skills in programming, electronics, and mechanical design
• Can be upgraded with additional sensors or capabilities